HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Furthermore, Jin et al. Keep my chin down. I had the same results. Papers that reported a scheme to calculate the proper LT4 dose were collected and compared to set up a review exploring limits and drawbacks of LT4 replacement therapy in the wide population of patients who had undergone thyroidectomy. But for some reason every once in awhile I choke on liquids, and when I do this big air bubble blocks my air way and is nearly impossible to get out it seems. It is how we ensure our lungs are clear after surgery. government site. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. It usually gets worse when I lay down or if I am driving. More studies are needed for understanding the causes of the dysphagia appearing after thyroidectomy. I find though that if I do some stretching exercises around my throat, it helps a little. These studies are summarized in I found breathing through them helps a lot. Accessibility Beyond the classic tablet form, new formulations of LT4, such as a soft gel capsule and an oral solution, recently became available. i hope it is just a post ops thing and will go away. Benvenga S, Pantano R, Saraceno G, Lipari L, Alibrando A, Inferrera S, et al. In addition to the liquid LT4, another new formulation of LT4 is represented by the soft gel capsule. Do you have allergies? What Are The Symptoms and Causes of Heartburn. voice loss and swallowing problems after C3-6 Fusion. Thyroidectomy and a Side of Diabetes. "Following a thyroidectomy in 2004, I was choking all the time," she recalls. Methods Patients undergoing unilateral thyroidectomy were prospectively enrolled. These complaints are usually related to superior and inferior laryngeal nerves dysfunction, but these can appear even after uncomplicated surgical procedure. This review examined the literature involving hypothyroid patients who underwent a total or near-total thyroidectomy to understand the problems they generally encounter with their replacement therapy. Influence of high-normal serum TSH levels on major cardiovascular risk factors and Visceral Adiposity Index in euthyroid type 2 diabetic subjects. I even went to a second doctor who put me through more tests as she was baffled too. When I do get it out, my air way closes so tight I can barely breathe in at all so I just keep choking. Di Donna V, Paragliola RM, de Waure C, Papi G, Pontecorvi A, Corsello SM. 2022 Sep;279(9):4213-4227. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07386-8. Virili C, Stramazzo I, Santaguida MG, Bruno G, Brusca N, Capriello S, et al. Although significantly more patients found the tablet form more agreeable, subjective symptoms had decreased significantly at the end of the study, and 73% of patients requested to remain on the liquid formulation (29). Defects in absorption of thyroid hormones are reported in patients with previous gut surgery, celiac disease, lactose intolerance, autoimmune gastritis, or Helicobacter pylori infection (6, 8, 9). Thyroid cancer support group and discussion community. On the other hand, advanced age, risk factors, and underlying comorbidities might play an important role against TSH suppression, and the latter should be avoided (14, 15). If your incision was closed with stitches, ask your surgeon when you can shower. The authors underlined the effectiveness of liquid LT4 over the tablet formulation to achieve the proper TSH levels in patients treated with total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. Health care providers perform thyroidectomy to treat thyroid disorders. On the other hand, overt and subclinical hypothyroidism have both been associated with unfavorable changes in several metabolic parameters, including lipid profile and glucose control, as well as with higher blood pressure and insulin resistance, all conditions that may amplify the cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes. Fallahi et al. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Swallowing Dysfunction with Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation RTMS Based on Tomographic Images. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Keywords: sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal I have the same problem,i had tt 2015 and had a RAI treatmrnt after 2 months,those months swallowing is normal,but after a year i had a swollen salivary gland,from then on till now i have a sallowing problem i could not eat steak or any meat,had been to the ENT and they said they cant see any abnormality,i don't know what will be the next test for me,i hope it will back to normal soon .. have read the commits on here you guys scare me. Posts: 35. choking on liquids after thyroidectomy. Graves' Disease: Symptoms, Treatment And Complications, Thyroid Problems: Extremes Are Never Good, Armour Thyroid for Treating Hypothyroidism. Theclubswinger230462 As Mike mentioned, the TT can cause issues. Immediately after i woke up from the op it was clear there was something very wrong. I would like, then, in this week's entry to share with you an update I sent to friends and family last Saturday about what life was like for me in those hours before and after surgery. Hello, i just had a partial thyroidectomy done on monday 9/9/13 due to a large hypervascular mass founda large mass in the left lobe, maximum diameter of 3.2 cm. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. A statistically significant decrease of approximately 28% in the mean TSH level was documented with the use of the soft gel capsule formulation, which may represent an important advantage considering the possible association between elevated FT4 levels, even in euthyroid patients, and cardiovascular disease. The type of thyroidectomy you need depends on the reason for the surgery. Successively, other schemes were proposed. I had a partial thyroidectomy when I was 14, then the rest of it removed 1 week ago today. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the I count my lucky stars i proved the docs wrong but I'm also lucky in that my voice came back strong after a few days and the stiffness didn't get chance to get stiff i believe largely due to all the choking i did the the first few days. They'll also check the lymph nodes next to your thyroid gland and remove any that have or might have cancer cells. The authors developed two different and very complex formulas (one polynomial and one linear) for predicting the LT4 dose after thyroidectomy, with a rate of correct estimation of 65.8 and 51.3%, respectively. Cappelli C, Pirola I, Gandossi E, Cristiano A, Daffini L, Agosti B, et al. Twenty articles were selected for inclusion in the review. I totally forgot about my swallowing issues and choked badly enough that I had to stop and pull off the road. Mar 24, 2015 9:19 PM. I had a total thyroidectomy last week. Epub 2013 Mar 22. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. Introduction: i imagine continuing to seek an explanation from varying specialists is tiring and w/out positive result probably feels worthless at timesbut i think it's important to continue to seek the answers. Overtreatment causes hyperthyroidism and associated cardiac symptoms, weight loss, insomnia, and heat intolerance (3). I've lost over 20kgs and kept it off! No more eating on the bike. An insufficient or excessive dosage may result in hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, either one associated with a number of symptoms/complications. It is FREE! I drank a lot of fluids, it made it easier. For those of you who follow my blog, you may recall that last Thursday, January 7, was the date for my thyroidectomy. I choke on liquids even my own spit. Now I find it really hard to swallow food, sometimes even trying to drink is not that easy either! Me tooI'm going to email endo I thinknot much fun anymore..starting to lose my mind here! Data were collected and scrutinized from the PubMed database using combinations of the following search terms: levothyroxine, dosing, thyroidectomy, differentiated thyroid cancer, and liquid levothyroxine. no resolutions yet. (31) performed a prospective randomized study in 2016 of 155 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy and evaluated the patients mood state and their self-perception of mental well-being during a follow-up period of 2 months. They recruited 20 patients who underwent laryngectomy along with thyroidectomy and who were randomized in two groups, one was treated with LT4 tablets, and one was treated with LT4 liquid formulation. If you have a drainage bulb, empty it 2 times a day. It didn't happen over night but I have found that depending on the allergin levels and how dry the air is 1-2 sprays at night of the Nasacort, if it's really dry I add a spray of saline solution as well, and I find that I am no longer having the choking issue I was having. The sample was divided into an experimental group (EG) of 20 women who underwent thyroidectomy (mean age = 49.55 years 15.14) and a control . The chin tuck technique is something that is taught to stroke victims that have swallowing problems. Treatment of refractory and severe hypothyroidism with sublingual levothyroxine in liquid formulation, - Liquid LT4 can be administered immediately without the need for an empty stomach. I had my thyroid removed about 10 days ago. 4-8 Swallowing complaints are common after surgery, but patients are generally counseled that symptoms should spontaneously resolve . There are no enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Using body mass index to predict optimal thyroid dosing after thyroidectomy, Thyroid Hormone Replacement in Patients Following Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer. I've been drinking lots of fluid but it hurts to cough with my throat being so sore. Depends on the possible causes of the difficulty swallowing (related to nerve damage or appearing after uncomplicated thyroidectomy), different types of diagnostic procedures could be used to study patient discomfort, as well as intraoperative nerve monitoring, fiber optic laryngoscopy, endoscopy, pH monitoring, esophageal . However, that information will still be included in details such as numbers of replies. Carhill AA, Litofsky DR, Ross DS, Jonklaas J, Cooper DS, Brierley JD, et al. 2022 Dec 30;12(1):305. doi: 10.3390/jcm12010305. before surgery i had this weird cough like if i was smoking, after surgery i still have the same cough! This community is sponsored by ThyCa: Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Association, an Inspire trusted partner. I'm 6 weeks post surgery. Hence, several schemes are reported in the literature for the proper initial dose of LT4. Data were collected and scrutinized from the PubMed database using combinations of the following search terms: levothyroxine, dosing,thyroidectomy, differentiated thyroid cancer, and liquid levothyroxine. Especially in elderly patients, who have an increased risk of osteoporosis and atrial fibrillation, the TSH target should be carefully selected (23). I ended up with swallowing difficulties after my TT, and that's what I do now. I understand how scary this is for you. please email me for updates. Finally, patients with a structural incomplete response should maintain a TSH level lower than 0.1 mU/L, unless there are comorbidities or advanced age, which would shift the target to 0.10.5 mU/L (24). Both a TT and RAI can cause swallowing issues. using inhalers to help my breathing 4 times a day. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! These schemes take into consideration a combination of the following parameters: body weight, age, body surface area (BSA), iron supplementation, mineral supplementation, preoperative TSH concentration, sex, or body mass index (BMI). Moreover, no body weight changes were observed among the whole population enrolled. Nonetheless, these schemes are of great utility to start the replacement therapy approaching the best dosage, but keeping in mind that changes during follow-up can be necessary according to the TSH values that are to be reached in every case. In 2014, Di Donna et al. After a while, it goes away. Wish it weren't Have the stuck a camera up your nose and down your throat to check your breathing tube is still a good size? Hi clemclem, can you tell us if your thyroid was ablated by RAI or did you undergo a thyroidectomy followed by RAI? There are also more instances of me choking on food, even if they are small. This procedure could be a hemi (one lobe) or total (both lobes) of the thyroid. Swallowing after surgery. I had my right laryngeal nerve removed during a neck dissection. Thus, before LT4 therapy is administered, it is of paramount importance to consider, along with the risk of persistent or recurrent disease and the response to the initial treatment, whether poor general health status and comorbidities (in particular, bone and cardiac diseases) contraindicate TSH suppression (14). Ito M, Miyauchi A, Hisakado M, Yoshioka W, Kudo T, Nishihara E, et al. Similarly, Cappelli et al. I hope you find a doctor who will take you seriously. But I'd still love a perfect steak meal right now! It has helped but some days I still seem to choke. (16) and Jin et al. This is suspicious for malignancy. Our literature review resulted in eight papers dealing with the administration of a liquid or soft gel capsule formulation in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. HOUSTON57333164 I never eat chips and meat of any kind seems to stick in my throat and cause the spasm frequently. Their study found that the liquid formulation resulted in a significantly greater efficacy in ameliorating these parameters. The most common ones that lead to the necessity of LT4 dose adjustments include lack of compliance, changes in LT4 formulation, dosage errors, increased serum levels of T4-binding globulin, body mass changes, and dietary habits. It makes hormones that control every part of your metabolism, from your heart rate to how quickly you burn calories. I had that choking feeling on and off after my surgery. Long-term outcome of functional post-thyroidectomy voice and swallowing symptoms. Maybe the endocrinologists need to be on this group to learn our real symptoms. Among all these procedures, videofluorography is considered the gold standard to evaluate the entire swallowing process, since that allows a real-time study of all the three phases of swallowing: oral phase, pharyngeal phase and esophageal phase. If you underwent surgery (TT) then the thyroid would be removed. Lombardi CP, Raffaelli M, De Crea C, D'Alatri L, Maccora D, Marchese MR, Paludetti G, Bellantone R. Surgery. Even this formula, when applied retrospectively, did not lead to better results. Help. Indeed, acid production is reducted in patients with chronic gastritis or gastric atrophy, in those treated with proton-pump inhibitors, and in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: all of these conditions have been related to increased thyroxine requirement (6). Treatment options and costs of thyroidectomy surgery abroad, How levothroid can help you overcome thyroid deficiency, PEG tube placement: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, Tracheostomy procedure for breathing problems, Types of thyroid cancer and the prognosis, Pain In Neck/Throat Aggravated By Swallowing, Globus Pharyngeus, A Lump Above (or Below) the Adam's Apple, Swallowing, Drooling And Eating Problems In ALS: Tips To Prevent Malnutrition And Dehydration, 7 Things You Should Know About Swallowing Problems If You Have Multiple Sclerosis, 10 Tips Parkinson's Disease Patients Can Follow When They Have Difficulty Swallowing, The Many Causes Of and Treatments for Dysphagia, Recurrence Of Thyroid Cancer And Treatment Options, Tonsillitis, Tonsillectomy, Adenoidectomy and possible side effects, Not Just A Virus: Signs And Symptoms Of Thyroid Problems, Postoperative Management Of Tonsillectomy, Swallowing discomfort after thyroidectomy, surgical clips in my neck after total thyroidectomy, Major problems after total Thyroidectomy, very scared =(, Tightness, fullness, painful neck post Thyroidectomy, Sore throat & Swallowing trouble after Parathyroid Surgery, Problems after total Thyroidectomy, very scared =(, shortness of breath and upper chest tightness after total thyroidectomy. A remarkable improvement was obtained when schemes using BMI were introduced. The coughing has just stopped. Every doctor I mentioned it to thought I was crazy. 5ml 2x/day (1 teaspoon). Especially after I ate. This is because post-surgical consequences often include a sore throat and such foods might enhance the level of discomfort. Needless to say, Wing Bowl will not be a future endeavor of mine. Swallowing issues can be quite disconcerting and catch you off guard at times. Swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Optimizing Levothyroxine Dose Adjustment After Thyroidectomy With a Decision Tree. I'm still sore and numb under my chin and neck area. Have you tried tucking your chin when you swallow? American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines help in determining the class of risk in patients, mainly represented by the presence of distant metastases, and the response to the initial treatment. She did not think there was much she could do, as she attributed the . Would you like email updates of new search results? Some people with dysphagia have problems swallowing certain foods or liquids, while others can't swallow at all. I'm getting tired of spitting! Hi. 14 year Because so many doctors like to believe that a TSH test is all they need to diagnose and treat hypothyroidism, many hypothyroid patients never feel normal again unless they are treated clinically. had total thryroid removed Feb 11, 2014 still grasping for air which they call spasms. Hey - i realise this question was asked about a year ago, butwell, at least the first respondent's answer suggests to me that there's an issue w/ salivation, leading to a dry mouth and throat. LR wrote the manuscript with the support of PM and collected data for the literature review. (13) performed a prospective randomized study of 102 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy for DTC and were classified as low risk according to the 2009 ATA guidelines. I was diagnosed with a large tumor - a follicular neoplasm - on Feb. 19th after a biopsy was done. Coughing up thick yellow mucous - difficulat to bring up , don't seem to be able to get a strong cough. It's not painful, but it's almost like something "clicks" into place when I swallow liquids. investigated the relationship between symptoms and serum TSH and FT3 levels (26). 2022 Sep 19;11(18):5486. doi: 10.3390/jcm11185486. Your voice probably will be hoarse, and you may have trouble talking. Pirola I, Daffini L, Gandossi E, Lombardi D, Formenti A, Castellano M, et al. Wow we sound very similarI will see my doc April 10th and will bring that upit totally feels like my food just stops moving on downthen I choke it upor need the heimlich..afraid to eat in public or home aloneash it's great getting older:). Thyroidectomy is a safe procedure that is commonly performed for both benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Individually-tailored thyroxine requirement in the same patients before and after thyroidectomy: a longitudinal study, Levothyroxine replacement dosage determination after thyroidectomy. Association Between Age and Patient-Reported Changes in Voice and Swallowing After Thyroidectomy. Table 2 I just had TT two days agoI just had TT two days ago and I too am coughing up some yellow gunk. My oncologist seemed to know exactly what I was talking about when I told him and he prescribed: Hydrocodone-Chlorpheniram Suspension liquid. I still can't eat solid food and voice very hoarse. best dr to see is an ENT wishing you well, after my surgery i ended up in ICU. The liquid formulation is supposed to overcome the food and beverages interference with absorption of LT4 tablets. Most of the debate in the past was focused on LT4 dosage and possibly on the timing of the administration. It's more strained. I have a total thyroidectomy three weeks ago. This formula was applied retrospectively and compared with the other existing schemes, both by Di Donna et al. Talk to your doctor. Di Donna V, Santoro MG, de Waure C, Pia Ricciato M, Paragliola RM, Pontecorvi A, et al. government site. The experimental group consisted of 300 patients (202 females and 98 males) who underwent thyroidectomy . The management of symptomatic patients varied case by case, from voice . It gets better. A study by Peirce et al. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following, Thyroid Information Your Doctor May Not Know, The Best IOL for 2022 RXSight Light Adjusted Lens, Will refractive surgery such as LASIK keep me out of glasses all my life. Depends on the possible causes of the difficulty swallowing (related to nerve damage or appearing after uncomplicated thyroidectomy), different types of diagnostic procedures could be used to study patient discomfort, as well as intraoperative nerve monitoring, fiber optic laryngoscopy, endoscopy, pH monitoring, esophageal manometry and videofluorography. The heterogeneity of these schemes implies the contribution of several parameters to the LT4 dose calculation and raises the need for an accurate, simple, and widely shared formula. I'm glad to know I'm not the only one. Giandalia A, Russo GT, Romeo EL, Alibrandi A, Villari P, Mirto AA, et al. A thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid. Ulcerative Colitis as a Novel Cause of Increased Need for Levothyroxine, Novel thyroxine formulations: a further step toward precision medicine. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. This formulation is more easily managed by nurses, - Subjective complaints were significantly lower on the liquid (28%) than on the tablet (43%) L-T4 formulation, - Both formulations can be administered during breakfast, - Liquid LT4 could be more effective in improving mood states and self-perception of well-being, - 14.2% of patients on tablets and 3.9% of patients on liquid formulation showed TSH levels > 0.5 mIU/L, - LT4 requirement is not significantly different, but TSH is significantly lower with the use of the soft gel capsule, 1.3 0.9, - The prevalence of patients in the hypothyroid range was significantly higher in the LT4 tablet group (13.5%), All patients (100%) were restored to euthyroidism after switching from LT4 tablets to LT4 liquid form. The liquid LT4 also seems to be more active than tablets in the control of TSH even in hypothyroid patients without malabsorption, drug interference, or gastric disorders, leading to the hypothesis that absorption of liquid LT4 is also higher in this cohort (12). TSH Variability of Patients Affected by Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated with Levothyroxine Liquid Solution or Tablet Form. It's been about 24 hours and while I have had a relatively easy recovery, I'm starting to get. 10 months on I have had swallowing problems to extent that sometimes I choke and vomit. undefined will no longer be visible to you including posts, replies, and photos. Hey! This procedure could be a hemi (one lobe) or total (both lobes) of the thyroid. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. i just had my thyroid removed and my swallowing is pretty tough to do. Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Edited by: Bernadette Biondi, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, Reviewed by: Salvatore Benvenga, University of Messina, Italy; Marco Centanni, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, This article was submitted to Thyroid Endocrinology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology. I think it might be something going on with hormone adjustments.might be a little high or lower and you get that feeling then you normalize and it goes away. You may have some trouble chewing and swallowing after you go home. Beyond the classic tablet, new formulations of thyroxine can now be prescribed as a soft gel capsule and oral solution, which have been shown to overcome the food and beverages interference with absorption of LT4 tablets. Prospective studies dealing with liquid or soft gel formulation of LT4 administered post total thyroidectomy. If half (1 lobe) of your thyroid is removed, it's called a lobectomy or hemi-thyroidectomy. I also find it worse after I eat or drink. A minimum of two years of undertreated primary hypothyroidism, as a T result of drug-induced malabsorption of L-thyroxine, may have metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. Horrible feeling like I was suffocating - did ekg/stata cxr said no hematoma all tests fine . I had a total thyroidectomy and also removed 18 lymph nodes and both parathyroids on the left side due to cancer. (29) conducted a study of 59 patients with cured DTC who were switched from the tablet to the liquid formulation of LT4 and found no change in TSH, thyroid hormones, and thyroglobulin levels during the study. I have the same problem. 2020 Jun;59(Suppl 1):38-49. doi: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.05. By that I mean they are dosed with T4 and T3 as needed to relieve hypo symptoms, without going so far as to create hyper symptoms. I had a Crycopharengeal Myotomy in 2014. I was finally diagnosed with muscle paralysis in my throat from the surgery. (25) in 2015 analyzed a registry of 4,941 patients with DTC who had undergone a total thyroidectomy or near-total thyroidectomy with a median follow-up of 6 years. Conclusion: MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. National Library of Medicine An official website of the United States government. National Library of Medicine ENTER wants me to have injection in my vocal cord to poof it up to close a place where it's seeping in to the windpipe by pushing it over . At first I took it as prescribed, but then I started only taking it at nightit really worked. having trouble swallowing, sometimes choking a month after RAI, Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (differentiated), Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), Mental challenges of living with thyroid cancer, ThyCa fundraising and thyroid cancer research grants. In particular, the rate of patients in the hypothyroid range was significantly higher in the solid form LT4 group (13.5%) compared with the liquid LT4 group (1.8%). Most of the methods for monitoring and adjusting thyroid hormone replacement after thyroidectomy for benign disease use LT4 at an empirical dose of approximately 1.6 g/kg, with subsequent changes according to thyroid function test results and assessments of the patients symptoms. I had my surgery in 2012 but I am still choking. I live alone 'way out in the country and sometimes it can be scary but I can wait it out and not panic because my breathing remains good. The liquid form in two presentationsa soft gel capsule and as an oral solutionrecently became available for LT4 replacement therapy (10). Only eight of these studies also contained a proposal to work out a scheme for the prediction of the LT4 requirement after thyroidectomy. Voice affectations after thyroidectomy thyroidectomy surgery side effects 1 Week Post-Op Total Thyroidectomy Had total thyroidectomy Major problems after total Thyroidectomy, very scared =(chest tightness, headache, fatigue - post thyroid surgery Problems swallowing after thyroidectomy. Spicy Food. Anxiety can also cause this feeling, even if you don't "feel" particularly anxious it's similar to the feeling we get when we're sad and about to cry. I am trying to figure out something that no doctor can seem t gimel, one of our very knowledgeable, trusted members has joined with 2 My TSH has dropped to 0.37 in November from July being a little high Today, I viewed labs when I was healthy, prior to TT June 2008. Epub 2022 Apr 19. lnealley said: Hey there! Grani G, Ramundo V, Verrienti A, Sponziello M, Durante C. Thyroid hormone therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. It is the main treatment for most people with thyroid tumors. After trying to be as self aware as possible I noticed that the mucus in the area he had noticed would only release in two ways 1) gargling with one of the alcohol based listerine products (I tried the alcohol free and it didn't work as well) 2) eating, within the first few bites the mucus would loosen and go down and clog and require forced removal. Administration of the optimal dose of levothyroxine (LT4) is crucial to restore euthyroidism after total thyroidectomy. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Use of this online service is subject to the disclaimer and the terms and conditions.
St Bernard's Mass Times, Unsw Molecular Biology, Can You Screen Share Sky Go On Zoom, William Jackson Bridgepoint Net Worth, Articles C