The French authorities opened two investigations: On 5 June 2009, the BEA cautioned against premature speculation as to the cause of the crash. One consequence of the change to ALT2 was an increase in the aircraft's sensitivity to roll, and the pilot overcorrected. "[40] Robert responded to this by saying, "controls to the left", and took over control of the aircraft. The inputs cancelled each other out and triggered an audible "dual input" warning. Fifty-one bodies were . Our mission is to find out what happened as quickly as possible to prevent another possible accident so time is our enemy and for five long days until the first pieces of floating debris were found we hadnt a clue, Ferrante said. [281], Six months later, on 30 November 2009, Air France Flight 445 operated by another Airbus A330-203 (registered F-GZCK) made a mayday call because of severe turbulence around the same area and at a similar time to when Flight 447 was lost. [2] In response to this, Bonin temporarily gave the controls to Robert. They are brittle and cannot stand exposure to warmth, light or movement. [282][283], Several cases have occurred in which inaccurate airspeed information led to flight incidents on the A330 and A340. [313], On 9 September 2021, the Science Channel Documentary Deadly Engineering covered the crash on Season 3 Episode 1: "Catastrophes in the Sky".[314]. At the time of the crash, it was Air France's newest A330. [183][184], Within a week of resuming of the search operation, on 3 April 2011, a team led by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution operating full ocean depth autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) owned by the Waitt Institute[185] discovered, by means of sidescan sonar, a large portion of the debris field from flight AF447. [191][192] An American Remora 6000 remotely operated vehicle (ROV)[g] and operations crew from Phoenix International experienced in the recovery of aircraft for the United States Navy were on board the le de Sein. The engines always responded to commands and were developing in excess of 100 percent N1 when the flight ended. Some systems generated failure messages only about the consequences, but never mentioned the origin of the problem. Bonin took manual control of the aircraft. [2]:137, On 27 May 2011, the BEA released an update on its investigation describing the history of the flight as recorded by the FDR. [79] The right-side instruments were not recorded by the flight data recorder. Pictures of this part being lifted onto the Constituio became a poignant symbol of the loss of the Air France craft. At this point, the aircraft's angle of attack was 16, and the engine thrust levers were in the fully forward takeoff/go-around (TOGA) detent. 4M views 5 years ago Air France Flight 447 was an international flight between Rio de Janeiro to Paris that vanished into the Atlantic Ocean. [51][52][35] The passengers included business and holiday travelers. Fifty bodies had been previously recovered from the sea. [287][288], Air France and Airbus have been investigated for manslaughter since 2011, but in 2019, prosecutors recommended dropping the case against Airbus and charging Air France with manslaughter and negligence, concluding, "the airline was aware of technical problems with a key airspeed monitoring instrument on its planes but failed to train pilots to resolve them". Mike Purcell, a principal engineer at the Massachusetts-based Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), whose team finally spotted the AF447 wreckage, said the discovery was a great achievement. The Remora 6000 remotely operated vehicle was designed and constructed by Phoenix International Holdings, Inc. of Largo, Maryland, United States. The finite beacon battery life meant that, as the time since the crash elapsed, the likelihood of location diminished. Or maybe Flight 447 was the Titanic, an uncrashable ship at the bottom of the sea. [193][194], le de Sein arrived at the crash site on 26 April, and during its first dive, the Remora 6000 found the flight data recorder chassis, although without the crash-survivable memory unit. A French court has acquitted Airbus and Air France of manslaughter charges over the 2009 crash of Flight 447 from Rio to Paris . [2]:79[4]:7[5] The accident is the deadliest in the history of Air France, as well as the deadliest aviation accident involving the Airbus A330. [174][175] The search covered an area of 6,300 square kilometres (2,400sqmi; 1,800sqnmi), mostly to the north and north-west of the aircraft's last known position. AF447 was flying through a storm over the south Atlantic when it disappeared. The Anne Candies towed a U.S. Navy sonar array, while the Seabed Worker operated three robot submarines AUV ABYSS (a REMUS AUV type). [223] On 18 May, the head of the investigation further stated no major malfunction of the aircraft had been found so far in the data from the flight data recorder, but that minor malfunctions had not been ruled out. From the time the aircraft stalled until its impact with the ocean, the engines were primarily developing either 100% N1 or TOGA thrust, though they were briefly spooled down to about 50 percent N1 on two occasions. [212] However, in 2021, a public prosecutor in Paris requested to have Airbus and Air France tried in a court of law. [312], The Rooster Teethproduced podcast Black Box Down covered the flight in an episode titled "Stalling 38,000 Feet Over The Atlantic" on 30 July 2020. A technical investigation was started, the goal of which was to enhance the safety of future flights. [241][242][243] Safety recommendations issued by BEA for pitot probes design, recommended, "they must be fitted with a heating system designed to prevent any malfunctioning due to icing. The icing event had lasted for just over a minute,[80][81][2]:198[82] yet Bonin continued to make nose-up inputs. [137][138] The following day, 7 June, search crews recovered the Airbus's vertical stabilizer, the first major piece of wreckage to be discovered. [187] Other items found were engines, wing parts and the landing gear. The Airbus A330-203 was in a blackspot between air traffic control towers in Brazil and Senegal, but still sending automatic communication pings every 10 minutes. [157], Following the end of the search for bodies, the search continued for the Airbus's "black boxes"the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and the Flight Data Recorder (FDR). [245][246][247] Multiple sensors provide the pitch (attitude) information and no indication was given that any of them were malfunctioning. Shortly after 04:00, when the flight had failed to contact air traffic control in either Senegal or Cape Verde, the controller in Senegal attempted to contact the aircraft. A new documentary highlights the international operation to find and retrieve the wreckage of Air France flight AF447 from Rio de Janeiro in Brazil to Paris, France, that fell from the sky on 1 June 2009, killing all 228 passengers and crew. In consequence, the stall warning came on whenever the pilot pushed forward on the stick and then stopped when he pulled back; this happened several times during the stall and this may have confused the pilots. [83] The wings lost lift and the aircraft began to stall. [166] The second phase of the search ended on 20 August without finding wreckage within a 75km (47mi; 40nmi) radius of the last position, as reported at 02:10. "[261], In a July 2011 article in Aviation Week, Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger was quoted as saying the crash was a "seminal accident" and suggested that pilots would be able to better handle upsets of this type if they had an indication of the wing's angle of attack (AoA). [6], The aircraft involved in the accident was a 4-year-old Airbus A330-203, with manufacturer serial number 660, registered as F-GZCP. Searchers have found two bodies and a briefcase containing a ticket for Air France Flight 447 in the Atlantic Ocean close to where the jetliner is believed to have crashed, a Brazil military . The bulk of the wreckage was found this year after a search by robot submarines of an underwater . This "simple but persistent" human error was given as the most direct cause of this accident. On 1 June 2009, inconsistent airspeed indications led to the pilots inadvertently stalling the Airbus A330 serving the flight, failing to recover from it and eventually crashing into the Atlantic Ocean at 02:14 UTC, killing all 228 passengers and crew on board. [2], The Brazilian Navy recovered the first major wreckage, and two bodies, from the sea within five days of the accident, but the investigation by France's Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA) was hampered because the aircraft's flight recorders were not recovered from the ocean floor until May 2011, nearly two years later. [276] Although the BEA could find no "objective" indications that the pilots of Flight 447 were suffering from fatigue,[2]:100[277] some exchanges recorded on the CVR, including a remark made by Captain Dubois that he had only slept an hour,[k] could indicate the crew were not well rested before the flight. [226], Between May 2008 and March 2009, nine incidents involving the temporary loss of airspeed indication appeared in the air safety reports (ASRs) for Air France's A330/A340 fleet. ", "Air France and Airbus face Paris trial call over deadly crash: source", "Air France and Airbus to face trial over 2009 Rio-Paris crash, French court says", "Airbus and Air France Go on Trial Over 2009 Rio-Paris Crash", "Air France and Airbus charged with involuntary homicide for Rio-Paris crash in 2009", "Families of crash victims rain wrath on Airbus, Air France", "Air France, Airbus face angry families in AF447 crash trial", "French prosecutors will not seek Airbus, Air France convictions over 2009 Rio-Paris crash", "Families dismayed at trial for Rio-Paris Air France crash", "Airbus & Air France Escape Prosecution In AF447 Crash Trial", "No convictions sought in French court over 2009 Rio-Paris crash", "Airbus and Air France Acquitted Over 2009 Rio-Paris Crash", "Air France and Airbus cleared of involuntary manslaughter over 2009 crash", "Airbus, Air France acquitted over 2009 Rio-Paris crash", "Prosecutor appeals Rio-Paris plane crash verdict that cleared Air France, Airbus of manslaughter", "Nova Working on Air France 447 Documentary", "Episode 170: Children of the Magenta (Automation Paradox, pt. [228][229], When it was introduced in 1994, the Airbus A330 was equipped with pitot tubes, part number 0851GR, manufactured by Goodrich Sensors and Integrated Systems. The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) recorded sounds akin to hail or graupel on the outside of the aircraft, and ice crystals began to accumulate in the pitot tubes, which measure airspeed. [255] Ross reasoned that this might in part explain why the PF's [pilot flying] fatal nose-up inputs were not countermanded by his two colleagues. April 4, 2011 -- Bodies from Air France Flight 447, which crashed into the Atlantic Ocean almost two years ago, have been found by aquatic robots, and will be brought to the surface within a month, officials said. [201], Between 5 May and 3 June 2011, 104 bodies were recovered from the wreckage, bringing the total number of bodies found to 154. At that time, the investigation had established only two facts - the weather near the aircraft's planned route included significant convective cells typical of the equatorial regions, and the speeds measured by the three pitot tubes differed from each other during the last few minutes of the flight.[215]. [168][171][172][173] Air France and Airbus jointly funded the third phase of the search. [106] A meteorological analysis of the area surrounding the flight path showed a mesoscale convective system extending to an altitude of around 50,000 feet (15,000m) above the Atlantic Ocean before Flight 447 disappeared. A cavalry charge (autopilot disconnection warning) was heard on the CVR. Olivier Ferrante, a senior adviser at the BEA, oversaw the 22-month underwater search that involved combing 17,000 sq km of ocean bed at depths of up to 4,000 metres. Frank Ciacco said bodies would be severely fragmented if the jetliner hit the water intact. [177][178][179] A smaller area to the south-west was also searched, based on a re-analysis of sonar recordings made by meraude the previous year. Bodies of Air France 447 victims found in Atlantic Ocean wreckage after two-year mystery of crash that killed two Americans By Peter Allen for MailOnline and Daily Mail Reporter. [100][101] At 02:12 UTC, a warning message NAV ADR DISAGREE indicated that a disagreement existed between the three independent air data systems. find the plane and its black box recorders on the ocean floor, at . Nationalities shown are as stated by Air France on 1 June 2009. The flight landed safely in Paris 6 hours and 40 minutes after the mayday call. Hylton added that when "Flight 447 seemed to disappear from the sky, it was tempting to deliver a tidy narrative about the hubris of building a self-flying aircraft, Icarus falling from the sky. Four minutes and 23 seconds after its last ping, it vanished. Up to. [citation needed], The aviation-disaster documentary television series Mayday (also known as Air Crash Investigation and Air Emergency) produced a 45-minute episode titled "Air France 447: Vanished", which aired on 15 April 2013 in Great Britain and 17 May 2013 in the U.S.[309], An article about the crash by American author and pilot William Langewiesche, entitled "Should Airplanes Be Flying Themselves? [302], A one-hour documentary entitled Lost: The Mystery of Flight 447 detailing an early independent hypothesis about the crash was produced by Darlow Smithson in 2010 for Nova and the BBC. Using the then-sparse publicly available evidence and information, and without data from the black boxes, a critical chain of events was postulated, employing the expertise of an expert pilot, an expert accident investigator, an aviation meteorologist, and an aircraft structural engineer. [158] Investigators were hoping to find the aircraft's lower aft section, for that was where the recorders were located. The pilots had not applied the unreliable-airspeed procedure. The areas showing detailed bathymetry were mapped using multibeam bathymetric sonar. [295][296][297][298] On 17 April 2023, Airbus and Air France were both acquitted of manslaughter. The cockpit synthetic voice, however, does give an aural message 'Dual Input' whenever opposite inputs are initiated by the pilots. The most junior pilot, 32-year-old . [102] One of the two final messages transmitted at 02:14 UTC was a warning referring to the air data reference system, the other ADVISORY was a "cabin vertical speed warning", indicating that the aircraft was descending at a high rate. The Metron team used what it described as "classic" Bayesian search methods, an approach that had previously been successful in the search for the submarine USSScorpion and SSCentral America. This has been the biggest investigation since Lockerbie. [53], Air France established a crisis center[54] at Terminal 2D for the 60 to 70 relatives and friends who arrived at Charles de Gaulle Airport to pick up arriving passengers, but many of the passengers on Flight 447 were connecting to other destinations worldwide. Bad weather and obstructed drainage holes in all three pitot probes were subsequently found to be the cause. [258], A brief bulletin by Air France indicated, "the misleading stopping and starting of the stall-warning alarm, contradicting the actual state of the aircraft, greatly contributed to the crew's difficulty in analyzing the situation."[259][260]. According to the FAA, in its Federal Register publication, use of the Thales model has resulted in "reports of airspeed indication discrepancies while flying at high altitudes in inclement weather conditions" that "could result in reduced control of the airplane." [43] The angle of attack had then reached 40, and the aircraft had descended to 35,000 feet (10,668m) with the engines running at almost 100% N1 (the rotational speed of the front intake fan, which delivers most of a turbofan engine's thrust). Find out what happened to AF 447. among roughly 50 bodies recovered from the crash of Flight . [76] The engines' autothrust systems disengaged three seconds later. ", Both flight recorders stopped recording at 02:14:28 UTC, 3 hours and 45 minutes after takeoff. [56], The aircraft departed from Rio de JaneiroGaleo International Airport on 31 May 2009 at 19:29 Brazilian Standard Time (22:29 UTC),[2]:21 with a scheduled arrival at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport at 11:03 Central European Summer Time (09:03 UTC) the following day (estimated flight time of 10:34). It was the biggest search for an aircraft organised by France and the whole thing was recorded, but the footage was sleeping in a safe box with the authorities on the outskirts of Paris, Kessler said. The meraude was to work with the mini-sub Nautile, which can descend to the ocean floor. [195][196] On 1 May the memory unit was found and lifted on board the le de Sein by the ROV. One of the two flight recorders that was discovered on the ocean floor nearly two years after the crash of the Air France Flight AF 447 between Rio and Paris. [168], In July 2010, the U.S.-based search consultancy Metron, Inc., had been engaged to draw up a probability map of where to focus the search, based on prior probabilities from flight data and local condition reports, combined with the results from the previous searches. Before and after the publication of the final report by the BEA in July 2012, many independent analyses and expert opinions were published in the media about the cause of the accident. The Airbus A330 with 228 people on board. "[86][43][2][87][40] The last recording on the CVR was Dubois saying, "(ten) degrees pitch attitude. [267] The pitch-up input at the beginning of the fatal sequence of events appears to be the consequence of an altimeter error. The search was called off a year ago. But for. A spokesperson for the BEA claimed, "the airspeed of the aircraft was unclear" to the pilots[155] and, on 4 June 2009, Airbus issued an Accident Information Telex to operators of all its aircraft reminding pilots of the recommended abnormal and emergency procedures to be taken in the case of unreliable airspeed indication. was Air France Flight 447 on the floor of the Atlantic at a depth of approximately 12,800 feet. [284] In the second incident, an Air France A340-300 (F-GLZN) en route from Paris to New York encountered turbulence followed by the autoflight systems going offline, warnings over the accuracy of the reported airspeed, and 2 minutes of stall alerts. The crew were late in identifying and correcting the deviation from the flight path. On the map, page 13 the coordinates in BEA's first interim report. [163][164] By mid-July, recovery of the black boxes still had not been announced. F-GZCP was scheduled to have its pitot tubes replaced as soon as it returned to Paris. . [285] The aircraft descended 1,000 metres (3,300ft) before being manually recovered using backup instruments. [50], The majority of passengers were French, Brazilian, or German citizens. The Daily Telegraph pointed out the absence of AoA information, which is so important in identifying and preventing a stall. Its final position report at 02:10:34 gave the aircraft's coordinates as 259N 3035W / 2.98N 30.59W / 2.98; -30.59. The pilot-in-control pulled back on the stick, thus increasing the angle of attack and causing the aircraft to, The pilots apparently did not notice that the aircraft had reached its. The documentary will air on Plante+ in France and on Amazon Prime in the UK and the US. June 6, 2009, 2:48 AM PDT / Source: NBC News and news services. [2]:122[227] The problems primarily occurred in 2007 on the A320, but awaiting a recommendation from Airbus, Air France delayed installing new pitot tubes on A330/A340 and increased inspection frequencies in these aircraft. The bodies of the flight captain and a steward from the Air France flight that crashed off the coast of Brazil have been identified. [159] Although France had never recovered a flight recorder from such depths,[158] there was precedent for such an operation: in 1988, an independent contractor recovered the CVR of South African Airways Flight 295 from a depth of 4,900m (16,100ft) in a search area of between 80 and 250 square nautical miles (270 and 860km2; 110 and 330sqmi). [4] It was accompanied by two shorter documents summarizing the interim report[255] and addressing safety recommendations.[256]. Following its investigation, the BEA recommended that the European Aviation Safety Agency and the FAA should consider making an AoA indicator on the instrument panel mandatory. [188], The debris field was described as "quite compact", measuring 200 by 600 metres (660 by 1,970ft) and a short distance north of where pieces of wreckage had been recovered previously, suggesting the aircraft hit the water largely intact. The documentary director said the search was like looking for a bottle of water in the ocean. Other ships sent to the site included the French research vessel Pourquoi Pas?, equipped with two minisubmarines able to descend to 6,000m (20,000ft),[128][129] since the area of the Atlantic in which the aircraft went down was thought to be as deep as 4,700m (15,400ft). The operation to recover bodies from the crash of Air France 447, which plunged into the Atlantic Ocean two years ago, has ended with 27 more sets of human remains brought to the surface, a French . [189] The French Ecology and Transportation Minister Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet stated the bodies and wreckage would be brought to the surface and taken to France for examination and identification. [72], In accordance with common practice, Captain Dubois sent one of the co-pilots for the first rest period with the intention of taking the second break himself. [136] At this point, on the evidence of the recovered bodies and materials, investigators confirmed the plane had crashed, killing everyone on board. [231] Since it was not an AD, the guidelines allowed the operator to apply the recommendations at its discretion. [130][131], On 3 June, the first Brazilian Navy (the "Marinha do Brasil" or MB) ship, the patrol boat Graja, reached the area in which the first debris was spotted. The aircraft experienced a peak vertical speed close to 7,000 feet per minute (36m/s; 130km/h),[77] which occurred as Bonin brought the rolling movements under control. It was produced by Minnow Films. Without the autopilot, turbulence caused the aircraft to start to roll to the right, and Bonin reacted by deflecting his side-stick to the left. [113] Twelve other flights had recently shared more or less the same route that Flight 447 was using at the time of the accident. Air France implemented the change on its A320 fleet, on which the incidents of water ingress were observed, and decided to do so in its A330/340 fleet only when failures started to occur in May 2008. [73] At 01:55 UTC, he woke up First Officer Robert and said, " he's going to take my place". [224], In the minutes before its disappearance, the aircraft's onboard systems sent a number of messages, via the ACARS, indicating disagreement in the indicated airspeed readings. [122] On 2 June at 15:20 (UTC), a Brazilian Air Force Embraer R-99A spotted wreckage and signs of oil, possibly jet fuel, strewn along a 5km (3mi; 3nmi) band 650km (400mi; 350nmi) north-east of Fernando de Noronha Island, near the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago. The pilots did not read out the available data (vertical velocity, altitude, etc.). [165] In late July, the search for the black boxes entered its second phase, with a French research vessel resuming the search using a towed sonar array. In September 2007, Airbus recommended that Thales C16195AA pitot tubes should be replaced by Thales model C16195BA to address the problem of water ingress that had been observed. Bonin heard this and replied, "But I've been at maximum nose-up for a while!" Half the accident investigators in the Western world and in Russia too are waiting for these results. On the Alucia this spring, as Woods Hole scientists scanned the first photos of Flight 447, they saw more than just landing gear, engines and wings. [143], The BEA documented the timeline of discoveries in its first interim report. Air France flight 447: investigators examine black boxes from 2009 crash, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. Lexographic Press. [c], In addition to the routine position reports, F-GZCP's centralized maintenance system sent a series of messages via ACARS in the minutes immediately prior to its disappearance. The airliner was likely to have struck the surface of the sea in a normal flight attitude, with a high rate of descent; No signs of any fires or explosions were found. [143][144][145] They were transported to shore, first by the frigates Constituio and Bossio to the islands of Fernando de Noronha, and thereafter by air to Recife for identification. At the time of its disappearance, F-GZCP was using satellite communication, its position over the mid-Atlantic being too far from land-based receivers for VHF to be effective. Attributing nationality was complicated by the holding of, Passengers who had citizenship in one country but were attributed to another country by Air France are indicated with, A criminal investigation for manslaughter began on 5 June 2009, under the supervision of Investigating Magistrate Sylvie Zimmerman from the Paris High Court (. [248] One factor may be that since the A330 does not normally accept control inputs that would cause a stall, the pilots were unaware that a stall could happen when the aircraft switched to an alternative mode because of failure of the airspeed indication. Temporary inconsistency between the measured speeds, likely as a result of the obstruction of the pitot tubes by ice crystals, caused autopilot disconnection and [flight control mode] reconfiguration to. [155] The submarine would use its sonar to listen for the ultrasonic signal emitted by the black boxes' "pingers",[156] covering 13sqmi (34km2; 9.8sqnmi) per day. Families and friends of the victims were outraged by the decision. [90][91][92] These messages, sent to prepare maintenance workers on the ground prior to arrival, were transmitted between 02:10 UTC and 02:15 UTC,[93] and consisted of five failure reports and 19 warnings. The Der Spiegel report asserts that such a crash "could happen again". During its descent, the aircraft had turned more than 180 to the right to a compass heading of 270. The last message reported that the aircraft had passed waypoint INTOL (12139S 324953W / 1.36083S 32.83139W / -1.36083; -32.83139), located 565km (351mi; 305nmi) off Natal, on Brazil's north-eastern coast. [b] ACARS can be used by the aircraft's on-board computers to send messages automatically, and F-GZCP transmitted a position report about every 10 minutes. The crew lacked understanding of the approach to stall. Put bluntly, big passenger planes do not just fall out of the sky. The crew failed to follow appropriate procedure for loss of displayed airspeed information. [90][103][104][105], Weather conditions in the mid-Atlantic were normal for the time of year, and included a broad band of thunderstorms along the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The stall warning deactivates by design when the angle of attack measurements are considered invalid, and this is the case when the airspeed drops below a certain limit. The sighted wreckage included an aircraft seat, an orange buoy, a barrel, and "white pieces and electrical conductors". Its mission was to assist in the search for the missing flight recorders or "black boxes" that might be located at great depth. (modern). [253] The BEA and Air France both condemned the release of this information, with Air France calling it "sensationalized and unverifiable information" that "impairs the memory of the crew and passengers who lost their lives. [d] At 02:13 UTC, a fault message for the flight management guidance and envelope computer was sent. At 02:10:34 UTC, after displaying incorrectly for half a minute, the left-side instruments recorded a sharp rise in airspeed to 223 knots (413km/h; 257mph), as did the integrated standby instrument system (ISIS) 33 seconds later. [2]:24[279][280], Shortly after the crash, Air France changed the number of the regular Rio de Janeiro-Paris flight from AF447 to AF445. Showing Editorial results for air france flight 447. All occurred in cruise between flight levels FL310 and FL380. [43][86][2] Robert pushed his side-stick forward to try to regain lift for the airplane to exit the stall. [291][292][293] [294] On 7 December, prosecutors announced that they would not seek conviction of either company for manslaughter as they were unable to prove them guilty, and recommended acquitting both companies. It provides an explanation for most of the pitch-up inputs by the pilot flying, left unexplained in the Popular Mechanics piece: namely that the flight director display was misleading. At 02:10:05 UTC, the autopilot disengaged, most likely because the pitot tubes had iced up, and the aircraft transitioned from "normal law" to "alternate law 2 (ALT2)". [236][237][238], On 12 August 2009, Airbus issued three mandatory service bulletins, requiring that all A330 and A340 aircraft be fitted with two Goodrich 0851HL pitot tubes and one Thales model C16195BA pitot (or, alternatively, three of the Goodrich pitot tubes); Thales model C16195AA pitot tubes were no longer to be used. The trimmable horizontal stabilizer (THS) moved from 3 to 13 nose-up in about one minute, and remained in the latter position until the end of the flight. [253] It highlighted the role of the co-pilot in stalling the aircraft, while the flight computer was under alternate law at high altitude. Rare footage of the search for a passenger plane that crashed into the Atlantic Ocean in one of the worst accidents in recent aviation history has been released on the 10th anniversary of the tragedy. [88][244], While the inconsistent airspeed data caused the disengagement of the autopilot, the reason the pilots lost control of the aircraft had remained a mystery, in particular because pilots would normally try to lower the nose in the event of a stall.
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